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Newsarchiv: Schafft Wissen. Seit 1502.
Jahr 2019
Förderpädagogik im Wandel: 70 Jahre Institut für Rehabilitationspädagogik
Wie können Schülerinnen und Schüler mit speziellem Förderbedarf angemessen betreut werden, sodass sie am deutschen Bildungssystem erfolgreich teilhaben können? Dieser Frage geht das Institut für Rehabilitationspädagogik der Universität Halle seit nunmehr 70 Jahren nach. Am Freitag, 25. Oktober 2019, findet in den Franckeschen Stiftungen deshalb eine Festveranstaltung statt, die einen Blick auf die Geschichte des Instituts wirft, das im Oktober 1949 gegründet wurde.
Artenvielfalt verändert sich im Wasser stärker als an Land
An vielen Orten auf der ganzen Welt finden rasante Veränderungen der Biodiversität statt. Doch nicht überall ändert sich die Artenvielfalt gleich. Eine neue Studie im Fachmagazin "Science" zeigt, dass sich die Zusammensetzung der Arten in marinen Ökosystemen stärker verändert als an Land. Geleitet wurde die Untersuchung vom Deutschen Zentrum für integrative Biodiversitätsforschung, der Uni Halle sowie der Universität St. Andrews in Schottland.
Physiker entdecken neues Material für hocheffiziente Datenverarbeitung
Ein neues Material könnte dabei helfen, extrem energiesparende Anwendungen in der Informationstechnologie zu entwickeln. Entdeckt wurde es von einem internationalen Forschungsteam unter Beteiligung der Universität Halle. Die Elektronen an der Grenzfläche des Materials zeigen besondere Eigenschaften, die zu einer drastisch erhöhten Umwandlungrate eines Spinstroms in einen Ladungsstrom führen. Diese ist die Grundlage für zukünftige Anwendungen in der Spintronik. Damit erweist sich das neue Material als effizienter als alle bisher untersuchten, wie das Team im Fachjournal "Nature Materials" schreibt.
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Advances in IT technologies are hampered by the ever increasing demand for energy and by fundamental limits on miniaturization. Energy dissipation mostly going into heating up the environment is also a challenge. A new type of spin waves recently discovered by physicists at Martin Luther University and Lanzhou University in China may serve to overcome these obstacles.
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Regardless of whether we are dealing with a floodplain landscape or an entire national park, the success of a restoration project depends on more than just the reintroduction of individual plant or animal species into an area. An international team of researchers led by Martin Luther University and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research reveals it is more a matter of helping the damaged ecosystem to regenerate and sustain itself. In the current issue of the journal Science the researchers describe how rewilding measures can be better planned and implemented - and the benefits this can have on humans.
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The neonicotinoid clothianidin affects different species of bees in different ways. While it has no demonstrably negative effect on honeybees, it disrupts the growth of bumble bees and threatens the survival of entire colonies. However, the insecticide does not make either species more susceptible to diseases and pathogens, as a massive field study in Sweden shows. The international team, including scientists from Martin Luther University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
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Even thousands of years ago people wore clothing with colourful patterns made from plant and animal-based dyes. Chemists from Martin Luther University have created new analytical methods to examine textiles from China and Peru that are several thousand years old. They present their findings in "Scientific Reports".
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The more plant species live in grasslands and forests, the more insect species find a habitat there. However, the presence of more plant species does not only increase insect species richness, i.e. the number of species, but also insect abundance, i.e. the number of individuals. Simultaneously, animal diversity is not only determined by plant diversity, but also by the physical structure of the plant communities. These are the results of an international collaboration led by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research.
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Loss and fragmentation of habitat are among the main reasons why biodiversity is decreasing in many places worldwide. A research team with participation of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and Martin Luther University has established that the destruction of habitat causes double damage to biodiversity. If habitat patches disappear, not only do the species living there become extinct, but species richness in neighbouring patches also declines, the researchers write in the journal Ecology Letters.
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Name-calling, hair pulling or cyberbullying: About a tenth of adolescents across the globe have been the victim of psychological or physical violence from classmates at least once in their lives. A new study carried out by researchers at Martin Luther University has shown that victims and their perpetrators both suffer as a result of these attacks: They are more inclined to consume alcohol and tobacco, are more likely to complain of psychosomatic problems and their chances of having problems with their social environment increase, too.
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Researchers at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research and Martin Luther University have now succeeded in constructing, from scattered data, a world map of biodiversity showing numbers of tree species. With the new map, the researchers were able to infer what drives the global distribution of tree species richness. The new approach could help to improve global conservation.
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Plant researchers at Martin Luther University are providing new insights into basic cell division in plants. The scientists have succeeded in understanding how processes are coordinated that are pivotal in properly separating daughter cells during cell division. In the renowned scientific publication "The EMBO Journal", they describe the tasks of certain membrane building blocks and how plants are impacted when these building blocks are disrupted.